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The Electrical Nature of Storms
ERRATA
Updated February 5, 2002
Default format is error => correction
Note: In ranges throughout the book, only the digits beginning with
the most significant digit that changes are shown in the second number of a
range (e.g., 235-237 is given as 235-7, and 476-486 is given as 476-86).
This is Oxford's convention, not an error.
Tutorial: BASIC ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
- page 6, col. 1
- Eqn. T.8, 3rd equation: r12 => r22
- Eqn. T.9, 3rd equation: r12 => r22
- page 12, col. 1
- page 14, col. 2
- line 7: (m s-1 V m-1)
=>
(m s-1 [V m-1]-1
- line
9: V => V-1
- line 34: insulted => insulated
- line
37: best => belt
- page 20, col. 1
- Eqn. T.84, 2nd term
of 4th line: μ => μ2
Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF THE ELECTRICAL NATURE OF THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE
- page 28, col. 2
- lines 5-6: positive ions and electrons
=> positive ions
- page 33, col. 2
- 4th line from bottom: n+ => n+
- page 35, col.2:
- Eqn. 1.23: It is not stated in
the book that, as in Eq. 1.11 from which Eq. 1.23 was derived, z is measured
in kilometers.
Chapter 3: INTRODUCTION TO THE ELECTRICAL NATURE OF THUNDERSTORMS
- page 56, col. 1
- Eqn. 3.4, last line, the second summation: j
not equal to 1 => j not equal to i
- page 62, col. 1
- caption for Fig.
3.10: Should have pointed
out that the ion motion shown is motion relative to the falling drop, when
motion produced by the electric field can be ignored
Chapter: 5 LIGHTNING
- page 88, col. 1
- next to last line: negative => positive
- page 88, col. 2
- line 1: positive => negative
- lines
1-2: The resulting positive streamer then
=> Thus, the positive leader
- line 3: streamer => leader
- lines 3-4: simultaneously => almost simultaneously
- page 89, col. 1
- 6th line from bottom: steamer => streamer
- page 95
- Fig. 5.7: B => HB corrected figure:
- page 95, col. 1
- Eqn. 5.3: There
should be a minus sign between the first two terms within the brackets
(the minus sign ran together with the second fraction).
- page 117, col. 1
- line 1: coi ident => coincident
Chapter 6: INSTRUMENTS
- page 123, col. 2
- 27th line from
bottom: SPTVR => SPTVAR
- page 127, col. 1
- last sentence of Radioactive probes section:
he had to be recover => he had to recover
- page 128, caption for Fig. 6.9
- line
3 of caption: Winn Byerley => Winn
and Byerley
- page 157, col. 2
- line 7 of Section
6.10.5: field charge => field
change
Chapter 7: OBSERVATIONS OF THE ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THUNDERSTORMS, I. General Characteristics
- page 164, col. 2
- >7th line
after eqn. 7.1:
pressure => density and pressure
- 8th line
after eqn. 7.1:
bouyant => bouyancy
- page 165
- Eqn. 7.3: CAPE => 2 CAPE
- Panels
b and c of Fig. 7.1 are missing precipitation. Corrected
figure:
- page 166, col. 2
- line 15 of Section
7.2: Noble => Nobel
- page 181, col. 2
- Eqn. 7.10: delete
left parenthesis
- page 198, caption for Fig. 7.36
- lines
6-7 of caption: Shading darkness indicates
=> The outer contour and inner shading indicate
- page 202, col. 1
- lines 7-8: light-ing => light-ning
- page 208, captions for Figs. 7.47 and 7.48
- line
4 of each caption: 7.45 => 7.46
- page 216, col. 1
- 10th line from
bottom: Pierce 1995b =>
Pierce 1955b
- page 220, col. 2
- line 3 of Section
7.18.4: lighting => lightning
- page 221, col. 2
- line 3 from bottom: 5 - 25 min => 5
- 45 min
- last line: -10 deg C => 0 deg
C
- last line: 22 Florida storms => 23 Florida
storms
- page 222, col. 1
- lines 1 and 4: -10 deg C => 0
deg C
- line 3: the 37 => 37
(Note for errata: this group of storms was independent
of the first group Hondl and Eilts studied.)
- page 229, col. 1
- line 5 of Section
7.19.3: lighting => lightning
- page 232, col. 1
- 1st sentence
of 2nd paragraph
(Although the relationship....) is not properly supported by the material
in the paragraph. The following replaces the
first sentence: Some scientists also have hypothesized that
the mean peak current of ground flashes decreases with increasing flash rates. (Peak
current does not appear to be well correlated with the charge neutralized
by a flash, so this hypothesis is distinct from the hypothesis concerning
neutralized charge.) However, such a relationship between mean
peak current and flash rates is not generally true of ground flashes.
Chapter 8: Chapter 8: OBSERVATIONS OF THE ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
OF THUNDERSTORMS, II. Severe, Winter, and Tropical Storms and Storm Systems
- page 246, col. 2
- line 26: that it difficult => that
it is difficult
- page 253, Fig. 8.19 caption
- Error: Electric field
from a numerical simulation of the Binger storm of 22 May 1981. Contours
of electric field are labeled in kV m-1. Note the more elevated
region of high electric field in the vicinity of the updraft.
Should read: "Charge density
from a numerical simulation of the Binger storm of 22 May 1981. Contours
of charge density are labeled in nC m-3. Note the more elevated
region of negative charge density in the vicinity of the updraft."
- page 260, Fig. 8.26
- The figure is missing the bright band.
- page 262, Fig. 8.28 caption
- line
5 of caption: number particles => number
of particles
- line 7 of caption: ratio determined => ratio
is determined
- page 265, col. 1
- lines 1-2 of second
paragraph: each the charge
=> each charge
- page 272, Fig. 8.40 caption
- line
3: dark = 2-3 => dark >
3
- page 286, col. 1
- lines 25-31: Sentence
starting with "Because many soundings had...
=> They concluded that the non-inductive ice-ice mechanism probably
did not account for the positive charge near the 0 deg C isotherm. However,
they noted that the ice-ice mechanism acting at temperatures colder
than the reversal temperature might account for two layers of charge
typically observed above this positive charge.
- page 291
- Fig. 8.52: Some x's with a -10 deg C isotherm
near 1.8 km are missing from the plot. Corrected figure:
- Fig. 8.52 caption, lines 5-9
Text starting with "The
x's are for convective... => Symbols for convective clouds with echo
tops colder than -20 deg C depict clouds that produced no lightning (open
circles), a little lightning (closed triangles), and more lightning (x's). For
this part of the plot (regions b and c), convective clouds that produced
an appreciable amount of lightning had a -10 deg C isotherm above or
near 1.8 km; those that produced little or no lightning had a -10 deg
C isotherm below or near 1.8 km.
- page 292, col. 1
- 11th line
from bottom:
Coleman => Colman
- page 301, col. 2
- line 28: condition => conditions
Chapter 9: NUMERICAL MODELS OF THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION
- page 311, col. 2
- lines 28-29: Ziegler et al. (1991) used a two-dimensional,
axisymmetric version of the model => Ziegler et al. (1991) expanded
the kinematic model to three dimensions
- lines 35-37: Ziegler and MacGorman (1994) expanded
the kinematic model to three dimensions to enable them to study => Ziegler
and MacGorman (1994) used the three-dimensional model to study
- page 315, col. 2
- first sentence: meters => centimeters
- first
sentence: m s-1 => cm
s-1
Chapter 10: ELECTRICAL EFFECTS ON
CLOUD MICROPHYSICS
- page 338, col. 1
- line 10: literature). => literature.)
APPENDIX A
- page 363, col. 1
- last line: jth
size category => Nth
water substance category
REFERENCES
- page 381, col. 1
- page number for
Marshall and Rust (1991): 2297
=> 22,297
- page 382, col. 1
- Richard
et al. (1986): lighting => lightning
- page 387, col. 1
- Maier et al. 1995: 17th
Conf. => 27th
Conf.
- page 392, col. 2
- 7th reference: Coleman => Colman
- page 399, col. 2
- Randell et al.
(1994): Randall => Randell
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