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Ensemble Cloud Model Applications to Forecasting Thunderstorms
or
On the Resilience of Numerical Cloud Models in the Face of Abusive Assumptions
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The COMMAS Cloud Model
Modified Klemp and Wilhelmson (1978) model
Split mode (implicit vertically propagating sound waves)
Improved numerics for momentum equations
Second-order, upwind scalar advection
Monotonic for water variables
Monotonic potential temperature advection
Small numerical diffusion and phase errors compared to original KW 78
Open boundaries
Horizontally homogenous initialization, 1.25 km horizontal grid spacing, 100x100 km domain.
Stretched vertical grid - 43 grid levels, top at 16.9 km, 430 m computational delta-z
Kessler bulk water scheme
Convection initialized with +3.5 K warm bubble
Input soundings adjusted to remove superadiabatic layers
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